大家好，欢迎来到 Seamans Online，我们需要做的是 80 年代最被高估的课程，现在就在这里，在本系列的这一系列部分中，展台上有一段关于控制系统的视频，我们看到了控制系统的类型一般是受控制和被控制。
Hi Guys welcome to Seamans online we need to do is the most overrated lesson of the 80s are here now and in this series of section in the series a video of it on the stand about the control system and we see the types of control system which are generally controlled by control and be controlled.

因此，使用他们的 Fakhri 软件详细了解这三个控制，该软件具有很强的交互性，并且可能使用液位控制系统来了解 BNP 的效果。
So with these three controls in details using their Fakhri software which is very interactive and maybe using a liquid level control system to understand that the effect of the BNP.

所以这一部分将会非常有趣。
So this section is going to be very interesting.

让我们从了解控制系统开始。
So let's start with understanding control systems.

现在，如果您知道系统由输入、过程和输出组成。
Right now if you know a system is consist of input a process an output.

好的。
OK.

所以这可以是与你日常生活相关的任何系统，你在家里，你知道家庭用途，或者如果你去工业界，你会看到一个流程，该流程有一些输入，然后流程根据整个事情的输入给出一些输出称为系统。
So this could be any system related to your daily life you are domestic you know household purposes or if you go to industry you will see a process and that process has some inputs and then process gives some outputs based on the inputs of this whole thing is called a system.

正确的。
Right.

很多时候我们控制一个系统。
And many a time we control a system.

让我们举一个温度控制过程的例子。
So let's take an example let's take a process of temperature control.

好的，我们需要控制温度，因此温度控制的输入将是一个参考值，您希望在过程中维持该值，并且如果您要提高温度或冷却设备，则过程输出可能会令人讨厌更凉爽。
OK we need to control a temperature so the input to a temperature control will be a reference value the value which you want to sustain in your process and the process output could be a hater if you are going to increase the temperature or a cooling device a cooler.

也许如果您想降低温度，以便系统将从输入中获取一个值作为参考值，那么它就会有一个温度。
Maybe if you want to decrease the temperature so a system will have a value from the input as a reference value then it will have a temperature.

需要如何通过加热或通过调用来控制哪个温度。
Which temperature needs to be controlled how by heating or by calling.

这是一个具有输入和输出的系统的简单示例。
So this is a simple example of a system with inputs and outputs.

这就是它的工作原理。
This is how it works.

现在我们有各种类型的系统，有时您需要控制系统，因此为了控制系统，我们有非常简单的手动控制系统。
Now we have various types of system and sometimes you need to control the system so to control the system we have very simple type manual control system.

它说，当你有一个与人类交互的系统来控制输出时，如果你在这里看到这个人，那么这是一个很容易理解的模型控制。
It says when you have a system with human interaction to control the output that's a model control very easy to understand if you see this guy over here.

这个人正在看一个压力表，它是一个受控变量，它指示一定的温度，如果存在温度问题，或者如果使用超出了他将启动的点或实际上就是这样。
This guy is looking at a pressure gauge which is a controlled variable it's indicating some temperature and if there is a temperature problem or if that embittering using beyond a point he will actuate or actually it was.

所以它的图片描述是在这里你看到这个操作员他正在注意到温度。
So it's pictorial description is here you see this operator he's noticing the temperature.

根据这个射孔，它可以打开和关闭拱顶，这样他就知道他想要什么温度。
And based on that embrasure it is opening and closing the vault so he knows which temperature he want.

因此，基于此，您可能可以控制炉内的燃料，从而产生一些热量，这正在得到控制，这是手动控制系统的一个非常合理的示例，它通常用于非常基本的过程，您不必这样做担心反馈，您不必包括高度复杂的控制系统，您只需雇用一个人即可完成工作。
So based on that you control maybe the fuel going inside the furnace which is generating some heat and this is getting control it is a very reasonable example of manual control system and it is generally used in a very basic processes where you don't have to worry about the feedback where you don't have to include highly sophisticated control system you just employ a guy and you just get your work done.

但要确保是否有人参与其中，这是很高的风险，因为如果该人没有专注于所需的确切值，您的工艺参数就会改变。
But make sure if there is a guy involved it's highly risk because if the guy is not focusing towards the exact value required your process parameters would change.

好的。
All right.

让我们看看其他基本示例。
So let's see what other basic example.

事实上，液位控制试验表明这一点可以让您了解系统的工作原理。
In fact trial on liquid level control says this to make you understand how the system works.

所以我们这里有一个系统，这被称为液位控制，这些是我在这个面板上的输入，我们这里有一些输出，就像我们有一个三重奏可放电这是我的输出。
So we have the system here this is called liquid level control and those are my inputs inside on this panel and we have some outputs here like we have a trio dischargeable This is my output.

然后我们得到了所有这些都是我的输出。
And then we have a all this is all my output.

系统的输入意味着系统就是这些按钮的权利。
The input to the system means system is these buttons right.

所以我要做的就是按下开始按钮。
So what I'll do is I will just go and press start.

因此，当我按下开始时，您会看到我们有一个正在填充的输出。
So when I pressed start you will see we have an output which is filling.

如果你看到这里，这是一个秤。
And if you see here this is a scale.

这类似于操作员在仪表上看到的内容。
This is analoguous to what an operator will see on the gauge.

所以我这里有一个秤。
So I have a scale here.

所以如果我的老板说如果我的眼睛说嘿我就得到200 100厘米的等级。
So if my boss say if my eyes say hey I just get the level 200 100 centimeter.

所以我要做的就是密切关注秤，然后按下按钮，然后我就注意到现在级别正在增加。
So what I'll do is I will just keep an eye on the scale and I press the button and I just notice OK now the level is increasing.

它正在增加。
It's increasing.

当它达到一百时，我将停止这里的按钮。
And when it reaches hundred I will stop the button here.

但只是因为系统存在延迟而导致延迟。
But just because of the delay in the system because of the lag it goes about.

所以我想说哦，这不是 100，让我们来讨论一下。
So I would say oh this is not 100 let's go into that.

所以我会把放电压到我的水平是一百。
So I would press the discharge onto my level is hundred.

这大约有一百个。
This is more or less hundred.

这就是人际互动的方式，你知道我必须一直在面板上才能保持水平。
So that's how this is just the human interaction you know I have to be on the panel all the time to maintain the level.

现在假设有人正在使用这种液体，液位下降。
Now let's say some someone is using this liquid liquid level decreases.

我必须再次回去，将肝脏增加到 100 一百，因为我的主管通常说 200。
I have to go back again and increase the liver up 100 a hundred because my supervisor says mundanely 200.

所以这个一百是我的参考价值。
So this hundred is my reference value.

所以我。
So I.

所以我需要不断地检查电平并根据所需的值操作按钮。
So I need to continuously check the level and operate the buttons based on the required value.

所以这就像一个手动控制系统，我需要在那里。
So this is like a manual control system where I need to be there.

好的。
OK.

那么我们就去吧。
So let's go to.

因此，在手动控制之后，您可能会想象您已经知道的一切。
So after manual control you might be imagining all you might know already.

这就出现了一种自动控制系统，我们也称其为反馈控制系统中的反馈控制系统。
There comes an automatic control system and we also call it a feedback control system in feedback control system.

我们有一个从输出到输入的值。
We have a value coming from the output going to the input.

因此，如果您的输入知道，那么这里的控制器就知道输出是什么。
So if your input knows are the controller here knows what's the output.

它可以再次改变流程。
It can change the process again.

好的。
OK.

因此，通常为了获得输出以获得反馈，我们在这里安装了一些传感器。
So generally to get the output to get the feedback we have some sensors which are installed here.

好吧，如果你问我什么是温度传感器。
All right now if you if you ask me what is a sensor for for temperature level.

所以我们在输出 Ogbu 中有一个熔炉，我们在山地控制中看到我们安装了温度传感器，但只是将一系列温度返回到您的输入。
So we have we have in the output Ogbu there's a furnace which we saw in the mountain control we have temperature sensors temperature sensors installed but just getting a volley of temperature back to your input.

这里我们有一个设定点。
And here we have a set point.

因此，该设定点将与温度传感器值相匹配，并且该过程将再次启动 Arbi 启动加热器或冷却至 ISIS。
So this setpoint will be matched with the temperature sensor value and the process will again actuate Arbi actuate the heaters or the cooling to ISIS.

让我们更详细地了解这一点。
So let's get more detail into that.

这是我们的反馈控制系统的系统模型。
This is our system model off a feedback control system.

所以最初我们有一个你可以看到的参考输入端口，这也是设定点即设定点。
So initially we have you can see a reference inport This is also the set point that set point.

我们来谈谈液体，因为我们将对此进行完美的演示。
Let's talk about liquid because we're going to have a perfect demonstration of that.

所以我们需要一个液位，比方说是水箱的 50%。
So we need a liquid level let's say at 50 percent of the tank.

好的，50% 都在我们的坦克里。
OK 50 percent are in our tank.

是150厘米。
It is 150 centimeter.

好的。
OK.

我们需要这个高度的液位。
We need a liquid level at this height.

这就是我们要给出的输入，这是一个数学求和。
So this is the input which we'll give to this is this is a mathematical summation.

如果你看到这部分，这部分就是一个控制设备。
And if you see this part this part is a controlling device.

好的。
OK.

所以他们给出了 150 厘米的输入，假设目前我的输出为零。
So they give input of 150 centimeter and let's say Currently my output is zero.

所以这里会出现零，这是负数，所以 150 减零就是 150。
So zero will come here and this is minus so 150 Minus Zero is 150.

这将作为一个错误。
This will go as an error.

所以这个 150 是一个错误，因为你的输出和输入之间的差异结束了。
So this 150 is an error because the end of this difference between your output and your input.

好吧，让我换一下我的笔，这样 150 的编辑器 ups 的编辑器抱歉 150 的编辑器进入控制器。
OK let me change my pen so the editor of 150 the editor of ups sorry the editor of 150 goes into the controller.

现在控制器的工作是放大这个误差并为其制作一个控制器，这也称为菜单电镀操纵变量，它会进入绘图。
Now the controller job is to amplify this error and make a controller out for it which is also called menue plated manipulated variable which goes to the plot.

好的。
OK.

现在控制器知道需要生成多少输出（数量级为 150）。
Now controller knows how much output needs to generate with the order of 150.

因此，植物计步器的输出会发生变化，您开始将级别增加到 10，然后增加到 20，再增加到 50，然后增加到 150。
So the output is generated plant pedometers changes and you start increasing the level increase to 10 and then it goes to 20 and goes to 50 and then it goes to 150.

反馈回到 150，然后编辑变为零。
The feedback goes back to 150 and then the edit goes zero.

误差变为零，控制器输入为零，控制器输出也将为零，如果没有任何干扰，如果有连续的干扰，则一直存在，并且如果一直存在控制输出就是始终将水平值维持在150厘米。
The error goes zero the controller input is zero the controller output will also be zero in case if you don't have any disturbances if you have a continuous disturbances you will have it all the time and if there ever is there all the time control output is that all the time to sustain the value of level at 150 centimeter.

好的。
OK.

为了理解这一点，让我们以全局控制的工厂前景为例。
To understand that to understand this process let's take an example of factory outlook for global control.

所以我要向你展示博士学位。
So I'm going to show you a Ph.D.

工厂控制。
control in factory.

所以我将使用相同的环境。
So I'm going to use the same environment.

好的。
OK.

让我重置它，然后我将打开它的逻辑。
Let me reset it and I'm going to open the logic for it.

我们需要保存它。
We need to save it.

我们这里有一个逻辑。
We have a logic here.

那是我的博士学位。
That's my Ph.D.

逻辑。
logic.

你不需要这样做。
And you don't need to.

您无需担心他们会了解如何在西门子 da 中制作 Nordiques。
You don't need to worry they will understand how to make Nordiques in Siemens da.

这是为了解释。
This is for explanation.

所以我们回到我的工厂。
So we go back to my factory.

好的。
All right.

现在我们在这里有一个起点。
Now here we have a start stop.

这是一个主要的。
This is a main.

我将开始启动我的流程和其他流程。
I would start to start my process and other process.

如果您看到设定点，它为零。
If you see setpoint it's zero.

好的。
All right.

如果您想查看级别，只需激活级别即可，此处级别计为零。
And if you want to see the level just activate the level here level meter is zero.

所以平均值为零，因为设定点。
So the average is zero because the set point.

再见，设定点减去水平的误差为零。
See you and the error which is set point minus level is zero.

所以一切都是零。
So everything is zero.

现在我想将水平维持在五点八分，抱歉是 0.6，就像你可以看到它的发布一样。
Now I want I want to maintain the level at let's say five point eight which is sorry 0.6 which is like you can see it's release.

好的，让我们增加它。
OK let's increase it.

所以我希望我的水平是 53%。
So I want my level at 53 percent.

好的。
OK.

所以这实际上会添加我的声音来减少错误或保卫坦克。
So this is going to actually add my voice to decrease the error or defend the tank.

因此，您会注意到这里的使用比例混乱，因为错误将是您在此处看到的。
So you will notice here proportionately disarrayed use because the error is going to be that you see here.

看那个。
Look at that.

因此，总体而言，我们正在接近这一点，因为我们正在接近这一点。
So overall is getting closed because we're getting close to that point.

所以我们已经达到了 5.3，这就是为什么它们会因为能量停止而停止。
So we have reached 5.3 and that's why if they stop because the energy is stopped.

现在我可以去七点五了。
Now I can go to seven point five.

它将再次将水箱加满至 7.5。
It will again fill the tank up to 7.5.

这是反馈控制，因为过程知道来自电平表的反馈，并且它自动控制输出并且为零，则输出为零。
This is a feedback control because process knows the feedback from the level meter and it automatically controls the output and is zero the output is zero.

这些是输出。
These are outputs.

所以这也是一样的，然后回去看你。
So this this is same so this and go back to see you.

好的。
All right.

所以系统是稳定的。
So system is stable.

现在我想降低高值。
Now I want to reduce the value of the high.

如果你的水箱里的液体较少，我会回到 2.3。
If you going to have a lesser liquid in the tank I will go back and I will go back to 2.3.

因此，在这种情况下，我父亲的排水系统将从这里开始，我们的排水系统将从这里开始，您可以看到水位正在下降。
So in this case my drainages father would be on our dischargeable would be on from here and you can see the level is decreasing.

它会按比例回答这种情况，当空气越来越接近您看到的那个点时，您会看到放电按比例排出。
And it will answer the case proportionally you will see the discharge was getting off proportionally as the air is getting closer to that point you see.

因此，当讨论 2:23 时，意味着所有这些都开始了。
So when discussing 2:23 meant to start all of these.

因此，这是一种控制，您可以在其中获得非常准确的反馈，并且可以以非常稳定的循环开始该过程。
So this is this is a control in which you have a very accurate feedback and you begin the process with a very stable loops.

正确的。
Right.

这就像手动和自动控制的基础知识。
So this was like the basics of manual and automatic control.

现在为什么它是自动的，就像如果我需要三点四点和三点一样，我现在就可以做到，我会在这里或那里闲逛。
Now why is it automatic like if I need three point four and three I would just make it now and I will just hang around here and there.

好的。
OK.

我不必在系统旁边。
I don't have to be next to the system.

如果这里没有流程，我可以将其从其他流程中删除，但只是为了解释，然后我会回来说嘿，好吧，级别就在那里，因为我们有自动循环。
I can take it off other processes if there are no process here but just for the explanation and then I'll come back and say hey OK the level is there because we have automatic loop.

我可以，我可以完成设定点，我可以处理其他过程。
I can I can do the set point and I can take care of other processes.

好的。
OK.

所以这就是好处。
So this is the benefit.

您也不需要有人站在系统前面来持续监控该系统。
You don't need a person to be in front of the system to continuously monitor that one either.

好的。
OK.

这是关于自动控制系统和反馈控制，我们通过实时仪表获得反馈。
So this is this was about automatic control system and that the feedback control in which we are getting the feedback with a live meter.

这是关于控制系统的基础知识，在下一课中我们将讨论 ON-OFF 类型的控制系统，我们将在 a 中的海员 DA 中生成逻辑。
So this is about the basic of control system in the next lesson we will talk about ON-OFF type control system and we will generate a logic in seamen's DA in a.

如何制作诺齐克的控制清晰度将是下一个列表。
How to make a Nozick for on control articulation of this would be the next list.

那么接下来的三场见。
So see you in the next three to.